On a Windows host where Docker is configured to use Windows (versus Linux) contains the following error message, "Windows Containers are not supported on your version of windows", can be encountered. There are multiple reasons for this error message but one of the most common is that it is only possible to run Windows containers on Windows Pro or Windows Enterprise edition. Docker cannot run Windows containers on Windows Home or Windows Education edition.
Docker's setup instructions for Windows can be found at Install Docker Desktop on Windows. A the top of this web page, under System Requirements is the following (as of August 23, 2023):
There is nothing in the above documentation stating that Windows Home and Education only support Linux containers. There is nothing in the above documentation stating that in order to supports both Linux and Windows containers Windows Pro or Windows Enterprise is required.
Note: I have submitted a Pull Request to Docker's documentation repo (Docker docs) requesting the text be changed to include the sentences "Home and Education editions support only Linux containers. Pro and Enterprise editions support Windows containers and Linux containers." alongside the Windows 11 and Windows 10 system requirements.
Dockers Windows install documentation (Install Docker Desktop on Windows) does include a note well below the "System requirements" tab that presents which editions of Windows are required in order to run Windows containers: